World of Warcraft (WOW) Essay -- essays research papers fc

Universe of Warcraft (WOW) Presentation As indicated by the World of Warcraft Community Site, World of Warcraft is â€Å"a greatly multiplayer web based game†¦enabling a huge number of players to meet up on the web and fight against the world and one another. Players from over the globe can abandon this present reality and embrace stupendous missions and brave endeavors in a place that is known for fabulous adventure† (â€Å"World of Warcraft Guideâ€Å"). In spite of the fact that the roots of MMORPGs can be followed to the 1970’s, the arrival of Ultima Online and Everquest, normally called UO and EQ individually, in the late 1990’s brought MMORPGs to a more extensive PC gaming crowd. Since the arrival of UO and EQ, MMORPGs have become a multi-billion dollar showcase. Universe of Warcraft went live in November of 2004, and its locale has since developed to over 1.5 million players. Viable people group the board was made a staple in the business by its two most outstanding pioneers. Network the board is imperative to the accomplishment of a MMORPG, and WoW is no special case. Requirement for Player Representation in MMORPGs An arrangement of correspondence between the players and engineers can possibly legitimately impact consumer loyalty. Jeremy Kelly calls attention to â€Å"it is accepted that engineers try to amplify profits† (Kelly). From a developer’s point of view, knowing the contemplations and sentiments of the player base is one of the most significant pieces of the continuous improvement MMORPGs are known for. Joshua Hong states that the key contrast between a MMORPG and other on the web or disconnected videogames is the presence of a persevering world (6). Making a MMORPG costs as much as 15 million dollars, and this figure does exclude the expense of proceeded with help after the game dispatches (Hong 8). â€Å"These games request virtual universes, noteworthy equipment prerequisites from the designer (e.g., servers and data transfer capacity), and committed help staff† (â€Å"MMORPG†). Because of the surprisingly enormous speculation expected to build up a MMORP G contrasted with typical games, MMORPGs just flourish monetarily through life span. It is subsequently basic that great correspondence exists so consumer loyalty can be kept high. As found in Figure 1, 63.5% of MMORPG players consider the most significant part of the game to be affected or legitimately constrained by mechanics coded by the designers (â€Å"Making friends† and â€Å"Pretending to be somebody else† are viewed as principally soci... ...esentation framework for World of Warcraft like the frameworks utilized in other driving MMORPGs. Works Cited â€Å"Blizzard Entertainment Announces World of Warcraft Street Date †November 23, 2004.† Blizzard Entertainment - Press Releases. 4 Nov. 2004. Snowstorm Entertainment. 13 May 2005. Hong, Joshua. â€Å"Play for Keeps.† Play for Keeps. 2003. Juniper Networks. 13 May 2005. Kelly, Jeremy. â€Å"Play Time.† Anthemion.org †Words. 8 Feb. 2004. Anthemion. 13 May 2005. MMORPG. 2003. Outright Astronomy. 13 May 2005. â€Å"Team Leads.† The Camelot Herald. 2005. Mythic Entertainment. 30 April 2005. â€Å"Who are Correspondents and What do They Do.† Station.com: Star Wars Cosmic systems. 2 Nov. 2004. Sony Online Entertainment. 30 April 2005. â€Å"World of Warcraft Guide.† World of Warcraft Community Site. 2005. Snowstorm Amusement. 30 April 2005. â€Å"World of Warcraft Sets New Milestone with 1.5 Million Subscribers Worldwide; Snowstorm's MMORPG Achieves Unprecedented Global Success.† TMCnet News. 17 March 2005. TMCnet. 13 May 2005. â€Å"WoWCensus - WoW Classes.† WoWCensus. 10 May 2005. 13 May 2005. Yee, Nick. â€Å"The Daedalus Project.† The Daedalus Project: The Psychology of MMORPGs. 11 May 2005. 13 May 2005.

Lack of a clear plan, ineffective leadership, marketing effectiveness, Term Paper

Absence of a reasonable arrangement, insufficient initiative, promoting adequacy, and absence of execution are normal issues of a private venture and how key arranging can help maintain a strategic distance from them - Term Paper Example Free possession infers sole ownership, association, organization, or some other authoritative document (U.S. Independent company Administration, 2010). Independent of the business, a private venture works in; it has been discovered that they experience the ill effects of to a great extent similar kinds of issues. Little size of a business undertaking guarantees that the administration goes about as a sharp cost controllers and dynamic individual from routine activities. This offers ascend to numerous authority related issues and loss of far-located dreams. The conversation beneath further subtleties the sorts of issues looked by private companies. A significant issue that pervades an independent venture is ineffectual administration. Authority, to be successful, ought to be persuasive enough for the representatives in order to persuade them to work morally and make esteems for their clients (Grenny, 2009). The vast majority of the pioneers today have no solid thought of their work. They engage in the problems of routine as opposed to focussing on the drawn out objective of the business. The issue appears to progressively across the board in private companies in light of the fact that the impulse to spare expenses are higher. Thus, to chop downward on the quantity of representatives, pioneers wind up turning into a piece of the activities as opposed to dealing with the tasks. Additionally, pioneers of such independent companies are frequently not prepared experimentally and their choices are the result of their encounters instead of built up administrative practices. Another regular issue among independent companies is absence of a reasonable arrangement (Harsberger, 2010). Absence of an arrangement brings about childishness of the business and occupies the director in adjusting all the exercises towards the shared objective of the association. At last, superfluous exercises bring about wastage of money assets which in any case could be applied all the more helpfully. There seems, by all accounts, to be an immediate relationship between's the lucidity of plan and the accomplishment of the business (Perry, 2001) Regardless of whether a business has legitimate showcasing system and plan, the execution

Bible Study for Atheists

Bible Study for Atheists This essay is not an attack on faith. It’s goal is to persuade non-believers that The Bible is a worthy book for study. Among my skeptical friends, most shun any  mention of  The Bible or Christianity. I suppose they’re afraid of being converted. That’s a shame, because understanding The Bible can provide useful knowledge of history, anthropology, sociology, psychology,  literature, philosophy,  language, memory, writing,  textual analysis, and information theory. Studying ancient texts takes us back to the border of history and prehistory, when writing first recorded oral tales that might have been around for hundreds or thousands of years. Understanding The Bible explains many of the memes of Western civilization, and it provides symbolic  keys for communicating with  people of faith. As an atheist I find Bible study a good tool for developing empathy with my religious friends, and a way to understand biblical allusions in art and literature. Religious people study The Bible to interpret a metaphysical view of reality. Non-religious people study The Bible to understand the evolution of human thought. Because the scope of Bible study is so vast, and I want to keep this first  essay short, I’m only going to introduce one writer: Bart D. Erhman. Ehrmans books on The New Testament are an excellent place to start because they cover a compelling range of scholarship topics and methods of analysis. His books are easy to read. More compelling than Dan Brown. Each book takes a different focus, and if you read all six, they provide a multiplex view of The New Testament.  The content Ehrman covers is standard subject matter at many theological seminaries, however I don’t recommend them to the faithful. Although Ehrman started out as an Evangelical, his obsessive  quest to understand  The Bible led him dissect it like an anatomy professor. That can be disturbing for believers, but wonderful for people like me who love taking machines apart to see how they work. The six books I’m going to cover are Misquoting Jesus (2005), Jesus, Interrupted (2009), Forged (2011), Did Jesus Exist? (2012),  How Jesus Became God  (2014), and Jesus Before the Gospels (2016). All these books were written for a popular audience.  They are about The New Testament, which is an easier place to start studying The Bible,  than  The Old Testament,  which is harder to fathom and further distant in time.  Characters in The New Testament are easier to relate to for modern people. The Old Testament needs a lot more scholarship to understand its complexity in context, but is endlessly fascinating for comprehending some of humanitys oldest recorded thoughts, and early speculation about reality. The value of Misquoting Jesus  is showing how a work of antiquity gets into our modern hands. Remember, all the lessons Ehrman teaches us about Bible study can be applied to any ancient work. How  were the books of The New Testament    written, who wrote them, in what language, and how did copies survive until modern times? Jesus lived over two thousand years ago. Are the quotes we read in red letters in The New Testament really his actual words? The gospels were written decades after Jesus died, by people writing in a different language than he spoke, to be read by us in a third language. For the first 1400 years, before the printing press, the gospels  were copied by hand, endlessly recopied,  passing  from town to town. Misquoting Jesus explores the problems of accurately remembering speeches from two millenniums ago. Jesus, Interrupted is about scholarship and trying to understand what the gospels say. How do we interpret the truth from four books that give different versions of the same story, sometimes contradicting each other. Are they historically accurate, or parables for interpretation? Do they use the same source material? Are they based on eye witness accounts, or second, third, or later retellings? Are the authors of the gospels the disciples they are named after? Is there any external evidence to corroborate these stories? Did each gospel writer have a reason to add content to the source material? This book is about textual analysis and those techniques could be used in studying any book. Forged is about why some of the books in The New Testament might be forgeries. Ehrman makes a case that 11 or more of the 27 books of The New Testament were written by people other than who we traditionally believe wrote them. Why, is rather complicated, and requires understanding the nature of authorship back then. Few people knew how to read back in those times, much less write. And there were people who could write but not read. Writers often wrote posing as another person for a reason. This book has many modern parallels to the internet and how information is spread. Did Jesus Exist? covers all the historical sources we have to document the life of Jesus. Outside of the gospels, there’s practically nothing. Ehrman makes a case that the gospels themselves are indeed historical sources. Ehrman  chronicles the history of  writers who have tried to prove Jesus never existed, and then provides his own analysis of why Jesus probably was a real, historical person. The lesson from this volume is we have very little concrete evidence for anyone  existing in the distant past. It also shows all the recent “biographies” of Jesus are probably 100% speculation. The techniques Ehrman uses to document Jesus in history could be applied to Plato or Cleopatra, or any person we think we know from the past. In How Jesus Became God, Ehrman tracks the transformation of an ordinary man into God. Did Jesus the individual believe himself to be God while he was alive? What proof do we have that any evidence for the historical Jesus is valid? How and why did his followers decide he wasnt a man? Why did they make him into God? How did they do it? And who were these people who shaped this theology? Where did all the attributes we now give Jesus come from? Ehrman works like a detective to solve a mystery, studying the evidence, showing how each generation altered the description of Jesus. Just compare this to scholarship on Abraham Lincoln, a more recent figure with abundant evidence of his life. We cant know the absolute truth so how often do we invent it? In his most recent book, Jesus Before the Gospels  Ehrman reports on memory, and how poor our memory is for recording events. This is my favorite of the six, and a valuable book for anyone wanting to write biography, historical fiction or memoir. Ehrman cites many books on memory, summarizing many case studies, which proves his point that we constantly change what we remember, even our own personal memories. After I read this book I doubted my own history. Ehrman presents a case that who Jesus was as a historical person is different from how we now remember him. That at every  step of the writing of the gospels,  through the early development of church dogma in the first three centuries of Christianity, Jesus was remembered differently. Every new creed changed Christian history. This book is a fantastic study on memory. I highly recommend it to anyone, especially for people who are confident in their self-knowledge. Even if you have no interest in Christianity, these books are worthy reads for learning how we study the past. Whether you  read or  write history, historical fiction, or memoir, these six books give a great deal to think about when telling a story thats based on the past. Think of all the biopics and biographies we’ve seen on Steve Jobs in recent years  â€" has any come close to being historically accurate? What we learn from Ehrman is how the truth is a glittery chimera we can never grasp, but we never stop trying.

Bible Study for Atheists

Bible Study for Atheists This essay is not an attack on faith. It’s goal is to persuade non-believers that The Bible is a worthy book for study. Among my skeptical friends, most shun any  mention of  The Bible or Christianity. I suppose they’re afraid of being converted. That’s a shame, because understanding The Bible can provide useful knowledge of history, anthropology, sociology, psychology,  literature, philosophy,  language, memory, writing,  textual analysis, and information theory. Studying ancient texts takes us back to the border of history and prehistory, when writing first recorded oral tales that might have been around for hundreds or thousands of years. Understanding The Bible explains many of the memes of Western civilization, and it provides symbolic  keys for communicating with  people of faith. As an atheist I find Bible study a good tool for developing empathy with my religious friends, and a way to understand biblical allusions in art and literature. Religious people study The Bible to interpret a metaphysical view of reality. Non-religious people study The Bible to understand the evolution of human thought. Because the scope of Bible study is so vast, and I want to keep this first  essay short, I’m only going to introduce one writer: Bart D. Erhman. Ehrmans books on The New Testament are an excellent place to start because they cover a compelling range of scholarship topics and methods of analysis. His books are easy to read. More compelling than Dan Brown. Each book takes a different focus, and if you read all six, they provide a multiplex view of The New Testament.  The content Ehrman covers is standard subject matter at many theological seminaries, however I don’t recommend them to the faithful. Although Ehrman started out as an Evangelical, his obsessive  quest to understand  The Bible led him dissect it like an anatomy professor. That can be disturbing for believers, but wonderful for people like me who love taking machines apart to see how they work. The six books I’m going to cover are Misquoting Jesus (2005), Jesus, Interrupted (2009), Forged (2011), Did Jesus Exist? (2012),  How Jesus Became God  (2014), and Jesus Before the Gospels (2016). All these books were written for a popular audience.  They are about The New Testament, which is an easier place to start studying The Bible,  than  The Old Testament,  which is harder to fathom and further distant in time.  Characters in The New Testament are easier to relate to for modern people. The Old Testament needs a lot more scholarship to understand its complexity in context, but is endlessly fascinating for comprehending some of humanitys oldest recorded thoughts, and early speculation about reality. The value of Misquoting Jesus  is showing how a work of antiquity gets into our modern hands. Remember, all the lessons Ehrman teaches us about Bible study can be applied to any ancient work. How  were the books of The New Testament    written, who wrote them, in what language, and how did copies survive until modern times? Jesus lived over two thousand years ago. Are the quotes we read in red letters in The New Testament really his actual words? The gospels were written decades after Jesus died, by people writing in a different language than he spoke, to be read by us in a third language. For the first 1400 years, before the printing press, the gospels  were copied by hand, endlessly recopied,  passing  from town to town. Misquoting Jesus explores the problems of accurately remembering speeches from two millenniums ago. Jesus, Interrupted is about scholarship and trying to understand what the gospels say. How do we interpret the truth from four books that give different versions of the same story, sometimes contradicting each other. Are they historically accurate, or parables for interpretation? Do they use the same source material? Are they based on eye witness accounts, or second, third, or later retellings? Are the authors of the gospels the disciples they are named after? Is there any external evidence to corroborate these stories? Did each gospel writer have a reason to add content to the source material? This book is about textual analysis and those techniques could be used in studying any book. Forged is about why some of the books in The New Testament might be forgeries. Ehrman makes a case that 11 or more of the 27 books of The New Testament were written by people other than who we traditionally believe wrote them. Why, is rather complicated, and requires understanding the nature of authorship back then. Few people knew how to read back in those times, much less write. And there were people who could write but not read. Writers often wrote posing as another person for a reason. This book has many modern parallels to the internet and how information is spread. Did Jesus Exist? covers all the historical sources we have to document the life of Jesus. Outside of the gospels, there’s practically nothing. Ehrman makes a case that the gospels themselves are indeed historical sources. Ehrman  chronicles the history of  writers who have tried to prove Jesus never existed, and then provides his own analysis of why Jesus probably was a real, historical person. The lesson from this volume is we have very little concrete evidence for anyone  existing in the distant past. It also shows all the recent “biographies” of Jesus are probably 100% speculation. The techniques Ehrman uses to document Jesus in history could be applied to Plato or Cleopatra, or any person we think we know from the past. In How Jesus Became God, Ehrman tracks the transformation of an ordinary man into God. Did Jesus the individual believe himself to be God while he was alive? What proof do we have that any evidence for the historical Jesus is valid? How and why did his followers decide he wasnt a man? Why did they make him into God? How did they do it? And who were these people who shaped this theology? Where did all the attributes we now give Jesus come from? Ehrman works like a detective to solve a mystery, studying the evidence, showing how each generation altered the description of Jesus. Just compare this to scholarship on Abraham Lincoln, a more recent figure with abundant evidence of his life. We cant know the absolute truth so how often do we invent it? In his most recent book, Jesus Before the Gospels  Ehrman reports on memory, and how poor our memory is for recording events. This is my favorite of the six, and a valuable book for anyone wanting to write biography, historical fiction or memoir. Ehrman cites many books on memory, summarizing many case studies, which proves his point that we constantly change what we remember, even our own personal memories. After I read this book I doubted my own history. Ehrman presents a case that who Jesus was as a historical person is different from how we now remember him. That at every  step of the writing of the gospels,  through the early development of church dogma in the first three centuries of Christianity, Jesus was remembered differently. Every new creed changed Christian history. This book is a fantastic study on memory. I highly recommend it to anyone, especially for people who are confident in their self-knowledge. Even if you have no interest in Christianity, these books are worthy reads for learning how we study the past. Whether you  read or  write history, historical fiction, or memoir, these six books give a great deal to think about when telling a story thats based on the past. Think of all the biopics and biographies we’ve seen on Steve Jobs in recent years  â€" has any come close to being historically accurate? What we learn from Ehrman is how the truth is a glittery chimera we can never grasp, but we never stop trying.

Should Marijuana Be Banned - 951 Words

With all the occurring issues the United States is currently facing, the rate of drug abuse is increasing rapidly. Botox, Steroids, etc all these are harsh substances that though they have their positive benefits, when they are consumed, negative effect is far worse than anything else. People desire to look their best, some go on diet, some exercise, while others use amplifiers or work out energizers. Substances known aiding effective work are protein shake and smoothies, but in order to get faster result some people take steroids. Athletes make news and sports headlines, because of the illegal use of steroids, to enhance their performance. It is difficult to get an estimation of the true prevalence of steroid use in the U.S, because many information and researches done to measure the rate of drug consumed. Most times the easy way seems like the best way out, the use of drugs, especially steroids for boosting up performance anywhere should not be encouraged, but when people demand fo r the best from everything, what choice is given? Legalizing Steroids the United States would have a huge effect on everyone, just like marijuana. There are different articles, and documentary of several cases of steroids; their types, their effects and result, the thought of researching, and presenting facts for the benefits and advantages of steroids are less. Anabolic steroids are substances similar to the human testosterone; doctors prescribe these drugs to patients that require them. TheShow MoreRelatedMarijuana Should Not Be Banned Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesWithin today’s society, Cannabis is seen as a harmful substance of such negative controversy. Marijuana is a very prominent and controversial issue in society today. Despite many malicious allegations have been made regarding marijuana today, the truth of what marijuana’s real dangers are are beginning to come about again. Sadly, these facts have been held under considerable judgement because of what people stereotype a pot smoker as. This has been broug ht under heavy criticism due to the stereotypicalRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Banned Marijuana1667 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis, otherwise known as marijuana, is a way of preparing the marijuana plant so that it can be used as medicine or a psychoactive drug. It is the most extensively banned drug in Britain. However, many local societies and organizations advocate a reform of its validity. These include NORML UK, UKCSC Drug Equality Alliance, as well as Cannabis Law Reform. Other societies such as the Centre for Social Justice and Skunk Sense argue in favour of cannabis remaining illegal (UK Government, 2014). ThereRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Banned Marijuana944 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of agriculture, the marijuana plant, also known as cannabis or hemp has been extensively used as a source of medicine, fiber, and intoxicant. In the ancient folklore and writings of China and India, the earliest known descriptions of cannabis are evident. According to historians, marijuana was mostly used a ritual intoxicant and later on, it found significance in folk medicine. The practice of smoking of marijuana has only appeared recently. There has been a lot of literatureRead MoreMarijuana Should Not Be Banned Marijuana1282 Words   |  6 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana, is largely known for its use as a psychoactive drug and medicine. It’s become a controversial issue as many people are against legalizing it because they believe it is a gateway drug (a drug that isn’t necessarily addictive, but can lead the user to use more addictive drugs) or for other reaso ns. Others, such as Daniel J. Pfeifer, support the legalization of marijuana for recreational and/or medicinal use. As a law student, Pfeifer argues the federal government’sRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Banned? Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin with marijuana is a natural plant grown in countries outside of the US. However, marijuana known to naturally grow from the earth, which its natural state is a dry leafy flower stem or in medical terms labeled hemp plant or Cannabis Sativa. Next, the active ingredient in marijuana contains mind altering chemicals called THC (9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and other related compounds made, from the cannabis plant. Not to mention, marijuana is the most widespread illegal drug used, in addition toRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Banned?854 Words   |  4 Pagesalone, tobacco was to blame for an overwhelming 435,000 deaths. In the whole past of humanity, marijuana has never been documented as a reason of death. 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Due to new medical studies, and the consequences on those convicted from use of the most common illicit drug in the world, the United States is being forced to rethink its stance on the matter. The fundamental argument about Marijuana in this country is: should Marijuana continue to be prohibited to citizens based on its health effects and/or medicinal values? Marijuana is the most commonlyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Banned? Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pagesstudies have shown that marijuana extracts may help kill certain cancer cells and reduce the size of others† (NIDA). Though there is not extensive research that has been done, what has been shown is that it can contribute to the medical field, clothing industries, paper mills, food, and many others. Even if there was a small chance to contribute to the betterment of mankind, it would be worth the research to definitively say one way or the other. Five thousand years of history should prove its worth in

How Can You Keep Your Garden - 1367 Words

Gardens are beautiful on their own, but some of us cannot avoid the inclination to accessorize. To bring your garden to its full potential, you must develop its full aesthetic value. There s numerous little projects you can do by yourself or with the family, to add colorful and quirky visual interest throughout the garden. Mobiles can be made from an array of materials. Since it will be hanging it outside, make sure the material is waterproof. Foam is a smart choice because it is weather resistant, malleable, and kid friendly. Foam sheets are very inexpensive and come in most colors. Some foam comes in precut shapes. They even have foam letters. If the shape you want is available precut, it will be easier than cutting yourself. Foam is difficult to cut to a smooth edge. Foam sheets often come pre-glued. If your materials are not, you can use PVA glue or hot glue. You will need to glue your shapes or light weight trinkets on your string or thread. You may want to consider incorpora ting a picture. Foam picture frames are available in most art centers and you could laminate the picture. This project has an abundance of creative potential. This can create single strand color burst hanging around your garden. You can do themed pieces for different areas of the garden. For instance, use bright colors and butterfly shapes to hang in the butterfly garden. Hanging pieces are important because it keeps visual interest continuing from ground level to eye level. Keeping groundShow MoreRelatedSummer Seasons Brings Problems To Every One. Everyone Has1577 Words   |  7 Pageshot weather. Our garden acquires a special place in our hearts. Everyone has a garden in their backyard which contains some beautiful plants, flowers and tress. We are the master of our garden and it is our own responsibility to take good care of it. Our garden contains numerous flowers, plants and tress which need special attention during the summer season. 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(http://apps.pittsburghpa.gov/dcp/CommunityGardenToolkit_Final_(CLS_20120530)_20110207_(1).pdf Model Lease page 8) (http://apps.pittsburghpa.gov/dcp/VLTK_12-8-15.pdf Flow chart for process that Pittsburgh uses on page 10) c. Water Access? b. Preliminary Preparations a. Do a little research! Extension’s A Taste of Gardening is a great choice; find it at http://extension.illinois.edu/tog/. AdditionallyRead MoreHerb Gardening Essay523 Words   |  3 Pagesengaged thoroughly. Gardens are great motivators with nice smell and cool feeling. However these herbs were the first cure for the early peoples as medicine and used as food preservatives and cosmetics. In winter, you can encourage your kids to cultivate herbs in a windowsill who shows garden enthusiasts. To start a herb garden all you need is a sunny place, soil containers and selected herbs. Culinary herb is the excellent selection as it is easy to grow and maintain. 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Integrating Curriculum Into Mainstream / Regular Education

Differentiated curriculum is establishing an inclusive environment, which accommodates the learning styles and characteristics of every student (Ashman Elkins, 2009). Through the evaluation and analysing of theories and relevant data the concept: why differentiated curriculum entered into mainstream/regular education , can be determined. The impact on education of political, cultural, ethical and social ideologies will be evident. A brief history of special education, the ensuing revolution of inclusive education, together with variance in language and terminology used over time, will support the introduction of curriculum differentiation into mainstream/regular education. Today all teachers are expected to be responsive to the needs of the diverse learners in their classrooms (Arends Kilcher, 2010, p. 105). Owing to the significant diversity in society, the twenty-first century classroom is composed of a vast array of student styles and needs; greater than previously experien ced (Van Sciver, 2005). A differentiated classroom incorporates an assortment of learning opportunities to engage students of varying levels of readiness, pace, interests and profiles (Tomlinson, 2005, as cited in Todd, 2014). Differentiated curriculum focuses on student strengths and similarities; the teaching/learning framework (the content, resources, instruction, student output and assessment) is designed in a way that preserves students locus of control (Ashman Elkins, 2009).Show MoreRelatedInclusion in Our Public Schools Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesforty years, and no end is in sight. 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Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2 Background of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Objectives of the Study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Statement ofRead MoreFull Inclusion in Classrooms1379 Words   |  6 PagesFull Inclusion in the Classroom Each child is unique and learns in different ways; however, most schools still have a tendency to cling to the one-size-fits-all education philosophy. It is often overviewed when catering to a classroom that each child has specific needs, and that a small group of children within the class may also need further attention. Disability isn’t always visible nor is it always what we think it is. A child may have an undiagnosed hearing or vision problem, he or she mayRead MoreEssay about Research Report1006 Words   |  5 Pageschildren with a specific type of handicap. 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Fundamentals of Investing

Question: Discuss about theFundamentals of Investing. Answer: Introduction: Recommendations Made to Mr. X Based on the Analysis: The overall evaluations regarding different types of investment proposals can be offered to Mr. X which might assist him to identify the best prospect of investment opportunity. On the other hand, the on the whole investment, which can be implemented by Mr. X is further assessed. In this context Mr X is convinced to allocated fund of SGD 1.3 million to ENBL, which may assist in enhancing the yield from investment and supporting his possible future requirements. After attending the dinner presentations, which was conducted by AHPL, some vital informations was collected by Mr. X. When the first alternative for investment is taken into the account the yield after two year period would be 24%. Hence, the annual amount of investment return can be considered 12%. Anson Home Pte Ltd would be making investment in German corporations, which is well- established and has the reputation of offering good returns for more than a period of eight years. It was understood that that the investment will offer 100% protections and will consider all the rights of the investors under the coverage of insurance. The amount of return that will be offered annually by Anson Home Pte Ltd is 12%. This would enable Mr. X to receive return at the end of the first year of investment. Return generated at the end of first year will be 1 year = 13% of 1.3 million = .156 and return at the end of the second year .156 as the investment is made over for the time frame of two years, the principle amount of investment would be returned at the end of second year. It must be noted that the investment proposal is fulfilling the criterion of being completely risk free of the currency and real estate. However, the return from investment is dependent on the German economy and it cannot be considered as certain due several reasons. Advantages of Investing: It is noted that Anson Ltd is providing high rate of return of 24% under a short period. There are no suspicions in the German market and hence the investors are not potentially exposed to any kind of real estate risk as the investors are covered under the insurance policy. Therefore, Mr. X can be assured of the return from any unforeseen circumstances arises under the German economy. Disadvantages of Investment: It is evident that any sort of investment is not free of market risk. However, the anticipated amount of yield or return that will be generated from the investment made in Anson Ltd is not guaranteed (Aouni, et al., 2014). The return generated is affected by the numerous elements in the form of political risk and political uncertainty. Mr. X. is keen on making an investment as it offers a insurance coverage with high rate of return. Furthermore, the merits and demerits of investment in German corporations could be concluded below; The opportunity for investment is mouth watering and may provide the required amount of return, which is needed by Mr. X. in order to, assist his future prospect. The investment opportunity predicts high rate of returns, which could be enjoyed by Mr. X under a single portfolio. The overall investment under the solitary German corporations may potentially increase the risk of portfolio, which may reduce the desired amount of return from investment. The investment opportunity could assist Mr. X to generate around 0.156 million at the initial year of investment. The estimated return from investment made may certainly assist Mr. X to generate the desired amount return from the investment. However, the solitary disadvantages that is associated is the overall rate of inflation prevailing in Singapore which stood 3% per annum, and has the potentiality to effect the yearly income yielded from investment. Investment in Anson Home Pte Ltd and Ever strong National Bank Ltd may only provide return from investment but also has the capacity to maximize the concerned risk in investment (Bingham Kiesel, 2013).. The opportunity to invest is dependent on the tendency of investors making investment. Below listed is the overall portfolio division is mentioned below by ENBL; Local stocks= 65% Bonds = 15% Foreign stock = 15% Cash and foreign currencies equivalent= 5% The allocation of asset as per the above proposition of the investment option Asset allocation for Mr. X, as advised by Mr. Billy = (.65*1.3 + .15*1.3 + .15*1.3 + .05*1.3) = ( .845 + .195 + .195 + .65 ) Table 1: showing the portfolio construction of Mr. X (Source: As mentioned in case study) The suggested portfolio management mainly portrays the amount of return generated for Mr. X as depicted by the financial advisors of ENBL. Local stocks= 21% Bonds = 12% Foreign stock = 50% Foreign Fixed interest rate bonds = 15% Cash and foreign currencies equivalent= 2% The allocation of asset as per the above proposition of the investment option Asset allocation for Mr. X, as advised by Mr. Billy = (.21*1.3 + .12*1.3 + .50*1.3 + .15*1.3 + .02*1.3) = ( .34 + .156 + .65 + .195 + 0.026 ) Table 2: showing the portfolio constructions of Mr. X (Source: Created by Author) The above stated table illustrates the overall portfolio, which could be effectively depicted for Mr. X may help in yielding higher rate of return from investment. The recommended investment opportunity may be helpful in improving the profitability of Mr. X. the suggested portfolio may represents an increase in investment in foreign equities and fixed interest rate bonds, which may assist Mr. X to generate high amount of revenue. Figure 1: Comparison of return from investment Figure 2: Comparison of return of S P 500 index with rising Market From the above stated figure, the overall amount of investment, which could be generated from the rising market, can be easily evaluated. It can be observed that the portfolio of Mr. X may increase with the rise of foreign market equities in order to generate high rate of return from investment. Furthermore, risk, which may generate from the equity market may be exposed to the portfolio, may maximize the overall profit from such investment, and reduces the risk of investment. As mentioned by (Fabozzi Mann, 2012) effective analysis of portfolio, investment could lower the risk from investment, which may essentially assist in generating high rate of return. It is recommended that Mr. X should invest in National Bank Ltd as the desired amount of return is not high but he can expect an average annual growth rate of 7-12% of the fund invested (Hull, 2012). The risk can be managed and can be effectively balanced by including and excluding the assets, which directly determines the performa nce of the portfolio. Reference List: Aouni, B., Colapinto, C., La Torre, D. (2014). Financial portfolio management through the goal programming model: Current state-of-the-art.European Journal of Operational Research,234(2), 536-545. Bingham, N. H., Kiesel, R. (2013).Risk-neutral valuation: Pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. Springer Science Business Media. Bolton, P., Chen, H., Wang, N. (2013). Market timing, investment, and risk management.Journal of Financial Economics,109(1), 40-62. Fabozzi, F. J., Mann, S. V. (2012).The handbook of fixed income securities. McGraw Hill Professional. Georgarakos, D., Inderst, R. (2014). Financial advice and stock market participation.Available at SSRN 1641302. Hull, J. (2012).Risk Management and Financial Institutions, (Vol. 733). John Wiley Sons. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Rutkauskas, A. V., Stasytyte, V., Borisova, J. (2015). Adequate Portfolio As A Conceptual Model Of Investment Profitability, Risk And Reliability Adjustment To Investor S Interests.Economics and Management, (14), 1170-1174.

Cornell University Academic Calendar Essay Example

Cornell University Academic Calendar Paper Fall 2017 Event Day(s) of the Week Date Residence halls open Friday August 18 Instruction begins Tuesday August 22 Labor Day Holiday no classes Monday September 4 Fall Break begins at 1:10 p.m. Saturday October 7 Indigenous Peoples Day Monday October 9 Instruction Resumes Wednesday October 11 Veterans Day Saturday November 11 Thanksgiving Recess Begins Wednesday November 22 Instruction Resumes Monday November 27 Last Day of Classes Friday December 1 Study Period Saturday Tuesday December 2 5 Scheduled Exams Wednesday Thursday December 6 14 Recognition Event for December Graduates Saturday December 16 Winter 2017-18 Event Day(s) of the Week Date University Winter Break Monday Monday December 25 1 Winter 3-Week Session Classes Begin Tuesday January 2 Winter Session Period ends Saturday January 20 Spring 2018 Event Day(s) of the Week Date Martin Luther King, Jr. Day / Holiday Monday January 15 January Orientation Begins Thursday January 18 Instruction Begins Wednesday January 24 February Break begins at 1:10 p.m. Saturday February 17 Instruction Resumes Wednesday February 21 Spring Break begins at 1:10 p.m. Saturday March 31 Instruction Resumes Monday April 9 Last Day of Classes Wednesday May 9 Study Period Thursday Sunday May 10 13 Scheduled Exams Monday Thursday May 14 17 Study Day Friday May 18 Scheduled Exams Saturday Tuesday May 19 22 Commencement Sunday May 27 Summer 2018 Event Day(s) of the Week Date 3-Week Summer Session Registration/classes Begin Wednesday May 30 8-Week Summer Session Registration/Classes Begin Monday June 11 3-Week Summer Session final exams Friday June 22 6-Week Summer Session registration/classes begin Monday June 25 6- and 8-Week Summer Sessions Final Exams Monday Tuesday August 6 7 We will write a custom essay sample on Cornell University Academic Calendar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cornell University Academic Calendar specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cornell University Academic Calendar specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Arthur “Mr. Chips” Chipping, age 85 Essay Essays

Arthur â€Å"Mr. Chips† Chipping, age 85 Essay Essays Arthur â€Å"Mr. Chips† Chipping, age 85 Essay Essay Arthur â€Å"Mr. Chips† Chipping, age 85 Essay Essay The venerable establishment of Brookfield has grown a small poorer. Its memories have faded. merely a little more fleetly than memories are disposed to make. holding lost its greatest memory-keeper. The instructors. the staff. and even the male childs that passed through its halls. considered Arthur Chipping to be every bit much a portion of Brookfield as the rock and howitzer of its walls. However. in the terminal. he proved to be flesh and blood. Arthur Chipping died in his slumber today. at the age of 85. after a long life of service to the immature work forces of England. Chipping was born in 1848. In 1870. at the age of 22. Chiping â€Å"took his prep† at in the Big Hall of Brookfield. a boys’ public get oning school. It was at Brookfield that he remained until the terminal of his life. although he had retired in 1913. at the age of 65. Sing hours will be between 7 p. m. and 9 p. m. tomorrow. Flower contributions should be sent in attention of Mrs. Wickett. Brookfield. Chipping was a maestro throughout his calling. learning classical history. Greek. and Latin for all of his 42 old ages at Brookfield. In 1900. Chiping briefly served at that place as Acting Head. following the sudden decease of the Head of Brookfield. from pneumonia. Following his retirement in 1913. Chiping remained active at the school. go toing of import lucifers and dinners and taking it upon himself to fix and redact a new Brookfeldian Directory ( 91 ) . In 1916. Chiping returned to learning at his old station. due to the instruction deficit created by the First World War. During this clip. he acted as a stabilizing force for Brookfield. maintaining. as he was fond of stating â€Å"a sense of proportion† about it when he was once more appointed to Acting Head of Brookfield. He retired for a 2nd clip in 1918 ; this clip his retirement was lasting. It would non be exaggerating the affair to state that Chipping. lovingly known as â€Å"Mr. Chips. † was a one time in a life-time maestro. Merely one other single seems to near his dedication: a Mr. William Balgarnie. a maestro at The Leys ( Carroll par. 8 ) . whose life was similar plenty so that they seemed modeled after one another. Chiping leaves no life relatives. At 48. he met 25-year-old Katherine Bridges. an out of work governess. while walking at Great Gable. They married merely a hebdomad before the autumn term began that twelvemonth. non go forthing themselves clip for a honeymoon. It was Katherine who gave Chiping the moniker of â€Å"Mr. Chips. † She predeceased him after a brief matrimony. while giving birth to their lone kid. Although he leaves no inheritor. Chips one time commented that he had â€Å"thousands† of kids. All male childs. Goodbye. Mr. Chips. You will be missed. Plants Cited Carroll. Timothy. â€Å"Who was the existent Mr. Chips? † 12 Sept. 2002. 6 June 2008. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. telegraph. co. uk/arts/main. jhtml? xml=/arts/2002/12/09/batc09. xml gt ; . Hilton. James. Goodbye. Mr. Chips. 1934. New York: Small. Br

Brand Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brand Building - Essay Example Brand image is developed with time through strategies such as promotional campaigns and maintaining a consistent theme such as superior quality (Kotler & Keller, 2005). Conversely, brand image can only be authenticated by customers’ direct experiences. Therefore, proper segmentation, positioning and targeting are imperative to ensure that customers appreciate the company’s brand image. The purpose of this paper is to consider the renowned Samsung brand, discussing various strategies through which the company develops and maintains its position in the market. Part 1 The Samsung brand is one of the most renowned international brands. The Samsung brand encompasses a number of subsidiaries and affiliated businesses, which operate under the Samsung Group, a South Korean conglomerate headquartered in Seoul’s Samsung Town. Steve, who is a close friend, is an extremely loyal customer of the Samsung brand (Kotler & Keller, 2005). From his cell phone to his television and other technological devices, Steve only trusts the Samsung brand. According to Steve, his loyalty to the Samsung brand can be attributed to the company’s robust brand building activities. Steve argues that Samsung’s frequency programs and brand image building activities sustain his loyalty to the brand. ... Steve gave an instance of when his Samsung Galaxy Tablet experienced audio difficulties and upon taking it to a Samsung service centre, the problem was fixed almost instantly at no cost. Therefore, Samsung maintains and reinforces its positive brand image, thus maintaining the loyalty of customers such as Steve. Trust plays a pivotal role in enhancing attitudinal and behavioural loyalty to the Samsung brand (Clottey, Collier & Stodnick, 2008). Since Steve trusts Samsung products, as well as the brand’s positive image, he believes that Samsung’s competitive brands such as Toshiba, Sony and Nokia are relatively unreliable, particularly with regard to the quality of their products, as well as after sales services such as servicing, repair and maintenance. Steve also believes that certain competitive brands are targeted at specific markets such as Asian markets in the case of Toshiba products. Based on Steve’s assertions, it is clear that Samsung’s brand equit y is extremely strong, thus the Samsung brand is one of the company’s most valuable assets, which consequently enhances the financial value of the company (Jensen & Hansen, 2006). Elements of the Samsung brand that speak to its extensive brand equity include customer recognition of visual elements such the Samsung logo, as well as recognition of the brand’s values such as quality. The brand has, therefore, been able to position itself positively in the customer’s mind. The superior quality of Samsung products and the effectiveness of its frequency products make the brand preferable to customers within the target market. Part 2 According to Kotler & Keller (2005) segmentation entails dividing the market into small groups or

Power point presentation about Firewall Technologies Essay

Power point presentation about Firewall Technologies - Essay Example These threats lead to the creation of the firewall technology in order to protect a computer or network of computer which is connecting to the internet. A firewall is defined as a "computer, router, or other communication device that filters access to the protected network" (Abie 2000). Thus, it gives the implication about the main tasks of a firewall. Accordingly, a firewall inspects traffic network passing through it and is responsible for permitting or denying access. In addition, Cheswick and Bellovin specifies certain processes which characterizes a firewall which include: "all traffic from inside to outside, and vice-versa, must past through it; only authorized traffic, as defined by the local security policy, is allowed to pass through it; and the firewall itself is immune to penetration" (Abie 2000). In summary, a firewall serves as a filter allowing the access of a trusted network and rejecting "untrusted" ones. The emergence of firewall technology occurs during 1980s far before the internet has gained popularity in global users. Traditionally, a firewall is a term used to denote a "wall to confine a fire or potential fire within a building (Firewall 2008)." The use of firewall in internet has been triggered by the attack of Morris Worm making internet connection vulnerable to its adverse effects. Because of what happened, the whole community becomes aware of the realities of such attack which can threaten the computers accessing the internet (Firewall 2008). Thus, the online community sought for a protection in order to ward off the threat of viruses, worms, and other which can be very harmful and disruptive to the internet users. This is when firewall technology came into being (Firewall 2008). The beginnings of first generation firewall technology can be traced to the paper released by engineers of Digital Equipment Corporation in 1988 (Firewall 2008). This is referred to as packet filter firewalls which lays down the foundation of a technology that will further be improved and developed. Thus, after the work of these engineers, companies like AT&T Bell Labs and scientists Bill Cheswick and Steve Bellovin continued the long process of research and released a more efficient and complicated versions (Firewall 2008). Packet filtering is a firewall technology which acts by "inspecting the packets which represent the basic unit of data transfers between computers on the internet" (Firewall 2008). A packet filtering router typically filter packets based on four fields namely, source IP address, destination IP address, TCP/UDP source port, and TCP/UDO destination port (Chadwick 2004). These functions of packet filter are used to block connection from specific hosts or networks, to specific hosts or networks, from specific ports, and to specific ports. Because of their relative simplicity, this type of firewall perform only basic operations including "examining the packet header, verifying the IP address, the port or both, and granting and denying access without any changes" (Abie 2000). Packet filters are regarded for their speed and

Lack Of Group Cohesiveness Psychology Essay

Lack Of Group Cohesiveness Psychology Essay Teams and groups have a great impact on the behavior of employees. Good working and interactions with peers, subordinates, and superiors and crucial aspects of organizational life, helping employees achieve personal and organizational goals. When relationships are poor, they can become sources of stress. Moreover, incivility at work and elsewhere has become a major problem. Incivility implies rudeness and disregard of others. It includes the violation of workplace norms for mutual respect. A high level of political behavior or office politics also may create stress for managers and employees. The nature of relationships with others may influence how employees react to other stressors. In other words, interpersonal relationships can be either a source of stress or the social support that helps employees cope with stressors. The group can also be a potential source of stress. The group stressors can be categorized into following areas: Lack of group cohesiveness Starting with the historically famous hawthrone studies, it has become very clear that cohesiveness or togetherness is very important to employees, especially at the lower levels of organizations. If an employee is denied the opportunity for this cohesiveness because the other member of the group shut the person out, the resulting lack of cohesiveness can be very stress-producing. Lack of social support Employees are greatly affected by the support of one or more members of a cohesive group. By sharing their problems and joys with others, they are much better off. If this type of social support is lacking for an individual, the situation can be very stressful. There is even research indicating that the lack of social support is so stressful that it accounts for some health care costs. Intraindividual, interpersonal and intergroup conflict. Conflict is conceptually very closely linked to stress. Conflict is normally associated with incompatible or hostile acts between intraindividual dimensions such as personal goals or motivational needs/values, between individuals with in a group, and between groups. Conflict can hence lead to considerable stress for individuals. In addition to the group per se, group-level dynamics may become stressors, for example a recent study found that organizational politics was a potential source of stress in the work environment. Aggressive behavior : A frightening category of work stressors is overly aggressive behavior in the workplace, often taking the form of violence or sexual harassment. Aggressive behavior that intentionally threatens or causes physical harm to an employee is classified as workplace violence. Work place violence tops the security threats employee face at their organization. Homicide is second only to transportation accidents as the most common cause of workplace fatalities. A second form of overly aggressive behavior in the workplace is sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is unwanted contact or communication of a sexual nature. Many female employees have been object of unwanted sexual advances, propositions or discussions at work. As with workplace violence, sexual harassment is a serious problem. Management clearly has a strong responsibility to do everything in its power to prevent sexual harassment from occurring. When it does occur, it needs to be dealt with quickly and firmly. INDIVIDUAL STRESSORS: In a sense, the stressors discussed so far eventually get down to the individual level. There is also more research and agreement on possible situational dimensions and individual dispositions that may affect stress outcomes. For example, individual dispositions such as type a personality patterns, personal control. Learned helplessness, self efficacy and psychological hardiness may all affect the level of stress someone experiences. Conflict between work and other roles : A person has many roles in life (e.g., breadwinner, family member, little league coach, and/or social workers, to name a few), only one of which is typically associated with work (although some individuals may hold more than one job at a time) these roles may present conflicting demands that become sources of stress. Furthermore, work typically meets only some of persons goals and needs. Other goals and needs may conflict with career goals, presenting an additional source of stress. For example, employees personal desires to spend time with their families may conflict with the extra hours they must work to advance their careers. Current demographic trends, such as the increasingly large number of dual-career couples, have brought work and family role conflicts into sharp focus. Career development: Major stressors related to career planning and development involves job security, promotions, transfers, and developmental opportunities. An employee can feel stress by under promotion (failure to advance as rapidly as desired0 or over promotion (promotion to a job that exceeds the individuals competencies). The current wave of reorganization and downsizing may seriously threaten careers and cause stress. When jobs, teams, departments, or entire organizations are restructured, employees often have numerous career-related concerns: can I perform competently in the new situation? Is my new job secure? Typically, employees find these concerns stressful. Differences between company and employee values A further cause of stress lies in differences between company values and ethical practices, as often reflected in the organizations culture, and employee ethics and values. Substantial differences can lead to significant mental stress as an effort is made to balance the requirements of both sets of values. Personality characteristics The personality characteristics points out the complexity of, and individual differences in, personality dispositions and traits. Personality traits such as authoritarianism, rigidity, masculinity, femininity, extroversion, supportiveness, spontaneity, emotionality, tolerance for ambiguity, anxiety, and the need for achievement have been uncovered by research as being particularly relevant to individual stress. Most attention has centered on the type A personality. Friedman and rosenman define the type a personality as an action-emotion complex that can be observed in any person who is aggressively involved in a chronic, increscent struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time, and if required to do so, against the opposing efforts of other things or other persons. Type A 00employees experience considerable stress. They are the ones who: Work long, hard hours under constant deadline pressures and conditions for overload. Often take work home at night or on weekends and are unable to relax. Constantly compete with them, setting high standards of productivity that they seem driven to maintain. Tend to become frustrated by the work situation, to be irritated with the work efforts of others, and to be misunderstood by supervisors. Type B people appear more relaxed and easygoing. They accept situations and work with them rather than fight them competitively. Type B people are especially relaxed regarding time pressures, so they are less prone to have problems associated with stress. Still, type B individuals can be highly productive workers who meet schedule expectations; they simply obtain results in a different manner. The research on type A and type B people is still accumulating. For example, some of the type A behavior patterns, such as competitiveness and a drive for career success, appear to be consistent with societys values. At the same time, the hostility and aggression these people exhibit may make it difficult for many employees to work with them. Some studies also suggest that there may be different forms of type a personalities. As a result, the type As who are more expressive and less hostile may be less prone to heat disease. Other type As apparently enjoy their success so much that they disregard the surrounding stress and do not suffer from heart attacks or other physical consequences. Besides the debate surrounding the impact of type a personality on health is the question of the success of type As versus type Bs. It is pretty clear that type As are typically on a fast track to the top. They are more successful than type Ba. however, at the very top they do not tend to be as successful as type Bs, who are not very ambitious, are more patient, and take a broader view of things. The key may be to shift form type A to type B behavior, but, of course, most type As are unable and unwilling to make the shift and/or to cope with their type A characteristics. Personal control The second internal factor affecting employee stress is the amount of perceived control they have over their work and working conditions. Employees who have a substantial degree of independence, autonomy, and freedom to make decision seem to handle work pressures better. Since two employees may have the same actual control and flexibility, it is clearly their relative perception of that freedom that counts. Managers can respond to this need for control through a variety of measures such as allowing flexible work schedules, enriching jobs, placing individuals on self-managing teams, or empowering employees by using participative leadership styles. Peoples feelings about their ability to control the situation are important in determining their level of stress. In particular, if employees feel that they have little control over the work environment and over their own job, they will experience stress. Studies have shown that if employees are given a sense of control over their work environment, such as being given a chance to be involved in the decision-making process that affects them; this will reduce their work stress. A large study by Cornell university medical researchers found that those workers who experience loss of control, especially in relatively how-level jobs, have tripled the risk of developing high blood pressure. The researchers concluded that lack of control turns stress into physical problems. They also found that employee perceptions of the amount of control they experience at work relate to stress, which in turn affects physiological outcomes such as blood pressure as well as psychological outcomes such as job satisfaction. Learned helplessness: The feeling of loss of control goes back to come of the classic research on learned helplessness conducted by Seligman. In conducting experiments on dogs who could not escape shock, he found that they eventually accepted it and did not they have learned to be helpless. Other studies found that people, too, can learn to be helpless, which helps explain why some employees just seem to have given up and seem to accept stressors in their work environment, even when a change for the better is possible. Most recently, Seligman and his colleagues have concentrated on peoples explanations for their lack of control. Specifically, they suggest that people are most apt to experience helplessness when they perceive the cause of the lack of control: To be related to something about their own personal characteristics (as opposed to outside, environmental forces) As stable and enduring (rather than just temporary) To be global and universal (cutting across many situations, rather than in joint one sphere of life) Further study and research on the sense of control in general and learned helplessness in particular will provide much insight into stress and how to cope with it. Perception: Perception is a process whereby a person selects and organizes environmental information into a concept of reality. Employee perceptions of a situation can influence how (or whether) they experience stress. For example, two employees have their hob duties substantially changed-a situation likely to be stressful for many people. The first employee view the new duties as an opportunity to learn new competencies and thinks that the change is a vote of confidence from management in her ability to be flexible and take on new challenges. In contrast, the second employee perceives the same situation to be extremely threatening and concludes that management is unhappy with his performance. Past experience: A person may perceive a situation as more or less stressful. Depending on how familiar that person is with the situation and his prior experience with the particular stressors involved. Past practice or training may allow some employees to deal calmly and competently with stressors that would greatly intimidate less experienced or inadequately trained employees. The relationship between experience and stress is based on reinforcement. Positive reinforcement or previous success in a similar situation can reduce the level of stress that a person experiences under certain circumstances; punishment or past failure under similar conditions can increase stress under the same circumstances. The evidence indicates that experience on the job tends to be negatively related to work stress. The two explanations have been offered. First is the idea of selective withdrawal. Voluntary turnover is more probably among people who experience more stress. Therefore, people who remain with the organization longer are those with more stress-resistant traits or those who are more resistant to the stress characteristics of their organization. Second, people eventually develop coping mechanisms to deal with stress. Social support: The presence or absence of other people influences how individuals in the workplace experience stress and respond to stressors. The presence of coworker may increase an individuals confidence, allowing that person to cope more effectively with stress. For example, working alongside someone who performs confidently competently in a stressful situation may help an employee behave similarly. Conversely, the presence of fellow workers may irritate some people or make them anxious, reducing their ability to cope with stress. Locus of control: Those with internal locus of control believe they control their own destiny. Those with external locus believe their lives are controlled by outside forces. Evidence indicates that internals perceive their jobs are less stressful than do externals. When internals and externals confront a similar stressful situation, the internals are likely to believe that they can have a significant effect on the results. They, therefore, act to take control of events. In contrast, externals are more likely to be passive Self efficacy: Self efficacy has also been found to influence stress outcomes. Self efficacy refers to an individuals belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. Evidence indicates that individuals with strong self efficacy reacted less negatively to the strain created by long work hours and work overload that did those with low levels of self efficacy. That is, confidence in ones own abilities appears to decrease stress. As with an internal locus of control strong efficacy confirms the power of self beliefs in moderating the effect of high strain situation. There is increasing evidence that peoples self-perception of their capacity to be effective and bring about change may be an important disposition in the ability to withstand stress. For example, those with high self-efficacy have a relatively low level of physiological arousal (for example, they have less adrenaline in the bloodstream). Yet those under stress tend to have high physiological arousal. Thus, those with high self-efficacy tend to remain clamer when faced with a stressful situation. Over arousal can impair our ability to solve compels stress-related problems by elevating out motivation well beyond optimal levels and distracting us from task at hand. So people with higher self-efficacy expectations have biological as well as psychological reasons for remaining calmer. Personality: Some peoples personality includes a high degree of hostility and anger. These people are chronically suspicious and mistrustful of others. Evidence indicates that this hostility significantly increases a persons stress and risk for heart diseases. More specifically, people who are quick to anger maintain a persistently hostile outlook, and project a cynical mistrust of others are more likely to experience stress in situation. Psychological hardiness: Everyone has observed individual differences of people faced with stressors. Some people seem to go to pieces at the slightest provocations, while others seem unflappable in the face of extremely stressful situations. Those able to cope stressfully with extreme stressors seem to have a hardiness disposition. Personality traits that seem to counter the effects of stress are known collectively as hardy personality. As a personality type, hardiness is defined as a cluster of characteristics that includes feeling a sense of commitment, responding to each diffulty as representing a challenge and an opportunity, and perceiving that one has control over ones own life. The hardy personality is characterized by: A sense of positive involvement with others in social situation; A tendency to attribute ones own behavior to internal causes A tendency to perceive or welcome significant changes in life with interest, curiosity, and optimism. A high degree of hardiness reduces the negative effects of stressful events. Hardiness seems to reduce stress by altering the way people perceive stressors. The concept of the hardy personality provides a useful insight into the role of individual differences in reaction to environmental stressors. An individual having a low level of hardiness perceives many events as stressful; an individual having a high level of hardiness perceives fewer events as stressful. A person with high level of hardiness isnt overwhelmed by challenging or difficult situation. Rather, faced with a stressor, the hardy personality copes or responds constructively by trying to find a solution-to control or influence events. This behavioral response typically reduces stress reactions, lowers blood pressure, and reduces the probability of illness. Frustration: Another cause of stress is frustration. It is a result of motivation (drive0 being blocked to prevent one from reaching a desired goal. It is a felling of insecurity and dissatisfaction arising from unresolved problems or unsatisfied needs and wants. The mind, either consciously or subconsciously, generally attempts to cause behavior designed to help the frustrated person adjust to an unresolved situation, a type of behavior termed an adjustive reaction of defense mechanism. Some adjustive reactions are positively directed while others may be negative. Some frustrations may result in mild adjustive ` reactions; other reactions may be extreme and emotional. The intensity of a particular adjustment generally depends on two factors: the type of frustration activity and the previous experience of the frustrated person. Psychologists have developed a variety of terms to describe the numerous types of adjustive reactions to frustration. Symptoms of stress:Â   Stress affects different people in different ways, and everyone has a different method of dealing with it. Psychological symptoms Anger, Depression, Anxiety, Changes in behavior, Food cravings, Lack of appetite, Frequent crying, Difficulty sleeping (mental), Feeling tired, and Difficulty concentrating. Physical symptoms Chest pains, Constipation or diarrhea, Cramps or muscle spasms, Dizziness, Fainting spells, Nail biting, Nervous twitches, Pins and needles, Feeling restless, A tendency to sweat, Sexual difficulties such as erectile dysfunction or a loss of sexual desire, Breathlessness, Muscular aches, and Difficulty sleeping (physical). Data Analysis and Interpretation The research for the project is objected at identifying the stressors existing in the banking sector. This purpose is extended to identifying the different stressors faced by the employees of public sector banks and private sector banks. The focus was basically on the employees of state bank of India (a leading public sector bank) and ICICI (one of the leading private sector bank). Various stressors are identified and comparison between the stress levels existing in the employees of these banks is done on various significant grounds. A sample size of 46 respondents is selected that includes 23 respondents of both the banks. The questionnaires projected various questions concerning the individual, group, and organizational stressors. The respondents were asked to tick the appropriate option (yes, no or not applicable for all except 2 questions). The responses, expressed in terms of yes, no or not applicable are analyzed in terms of their repercussion on stress generating capacity. A yes answer to a statement could not necessarily mean positive answer. The statements were so formed that a yes could indicate a negative answer as well. Same is the case for no. Each no does not mean something negative. Considering this and since the purpose is to understand the level of stress each question is marked 1 (one) on the negative answer give and 0 (zero) on every positive reply, irrespective of whether it is yes or no. the interpretation of the scores is done on the following basis: Questions are divided on the basis of three stressors: Individual level: there are 18 questions to understand the impact of this stressor. Negatively answering one statement can give 1 point and in all these statement can yield a maximum score of 18 points. Group level: there are 6 questions to understand the impact of this stressor. Negatively answering one statement can give 3 and in all these statement can yield a maximum score of 18 points. Organizational level: there are 18 questions to understand the impact of this stressor. Negatively answering one statement can give 1 point and in all these statements can yield a maximum score of 18 points. Analyzing these stressors independently, the following is base: Less than 4: This score presents that the respondents are not prone to stress and are not likely to have and suffer from a stress related illness. 4 to 8: This score presents that the respondents are prone to stress and likely to suffer from the negative effects of stress. They may possibly be open to stress related illnesses. More than 8: This score presents that the respondents are very prone to the negative effects of stress and may be open to stress related illness. They must not delay in doing something about it and seek professional stress management counseling and consult medical doctor. After analyzing these stressors independently, they are summed up to find the total stress faced by an employee. The following base is taken: Less than 10: This score presents that the respondents are not prone to stress and are not likely to have and suffer from a stress- related illness. 10 to 20: This score presents that the respondent are prone to stress and are likely to suffer from the negative effects of stress. They may possibly be open to stress related illnesses. More than 20: This score presents that the respondents are very prone to the negative effects of stress and may be open to stress related illness. They must not delay in doing something about it and seek professional stress management counseling and consult medical doctor. The comparative study of the stressors affecting the employees of both the banks- SBI and ICICI is done keeping the above base in focus. The comparison is presented through pie charts. Various dimensions affecting the stress level and the personal characteristics of the respondents are presented and compared to understand to organizational environment and culture. FINDING From the data presentation and interpretation of various level of stressors presented above, as analyzed from the information collected from various respondents, the following findings can be chalked out: Comparative analysis: While comparing the stress level of female employees of both the banks, it is clear that female respondents of icici feel extreme stress, while female respondents of SBI are easy going and feel stressed. Of all the stressors, 26% of the female employees of ICICI feel extremely stressed by the organizational stressors. One of the reasons for this lies in the fact that the female employees of SBI have been with the bank for many years; hence they have developed the coping mechanisms to deal with the organizational stressors. While comparing the stress levels of the employees of SBI with the stress levels of the male employees of ICICI, it is found that 44% of the male employees of SBI face extreme stress and 16% of male employees of ICICI face extreme stress. While comparing the male versus female employee stress levels of ICICI, it is Evident, that female employee suffers more stress as compared to male employees. 26% of female employees suffer from extreme stress. While comparing the male versus female stress levels at SBI, it is found that male employees (approximately 44% of male employees feel extreme stress) of SBI feel more stress as compared to female employees (only 29% of female employees feel extreme stress). One of the reasons worth mentioning is that in SBI; most of the key positions are occupied by male employees. Hence female employees are in charge of such positions that do not cause much stress. Stress level of SBI is high as compared to icici, since 39% of total respondents of SBI face extreme stress and only 17% of the total respondents of ICICI face extreme stress. The analysis presented a surprising result. The stress level of the employees working in public sector bank i.e., SBI is higher than the stress level of employees working in the private sector bank i.e., ICICI. I would now like to present the findings that indicate this difference. First, I am presenting the reasons that are responsible for high stress among employees of SBI: First of all, irrespective of their hierarchical positions, there is little autonomy provided to the employees. All employees are required to consult their concerned manager for taking decisions. Moreover, the managers themselves do not have ultimate authority. They are also required to consult regional managers to take certain decision. Secondly, there exists bureaucracy in public sector banks. There are very long procedures framed for conduct of any activity. Any task that can be otherwise conducted easily requires long procedures to be followed for accomplishing it. This leads to wastage of time and resources. Much of employees energy is diverted towards these activities that actually require less attention. The decision making process of the bank is very long. It takes much time to take decisions. The permissions of top management are required to be taken before finalizing a decision and implementing it. These certainly prove to restrict quick decision making, and hence leads to delay in activities and stress. The restrictions posed by the rules and regulations of the banks are also one of the essential factors causing stress. Employees feel suppressed and pressurized owning to these. Many employees of SBI are currently finding themselves fixed amidst banks rules and regulations and their desire of freedom of working. Most of the employees working in SBI have reached the maintenance stage of their career development. Owing to this, they face much mid-career crises. These employees are currently suffering the Mid Career Crises. To add to this, of late, there were many technological changes implemented in bank. No doubt, the employees were provided adequate training regarding the use of the technology and software, there still exists some level of dissatisfaction among employees concerning the technological area. The employees of SBI feel that there is partiality existing in the treatment of employees in the bank. They perceive that the managers do have hard corner for few employees. This perception of employees affects their ability to accept any decision taken by manager. There is lack of motivation among the employees of SBI. There are no incentives provided to improve their performance. There is only one incentive given (in terms of bonus) at the time of Diwali. Lack of incentives proves to be a demotivating factor. As it is, the income received by the employees of SBI or for that matter any public sector bank is lower than what is earned by employees in private sector. The manager of icici, despite of less experience as compared to manager of SBI, enjoys a pay package of rs.8,00,000 to rs.9,00,000 On other hand, manager of SBI, with more experience receives a pay package of around rs.4,00,000 to rs.5,00,000. Many respondents (especially branch managers) feel that there is no proper grievance handling system. Though all employees of bank (working under the branch managers) are satisfied with assistance and support of manager for addressing and solving their grievance, there is not much support provided by top management to branch managers to consider and solve their grievances. Many branch managers have agreed to the fact that their personal goals are not in line with organizational goals. This demotivates the employees to work willingly and productively. It imposes a compulsion on employees to accept, a Learned Helplessness, (a feeling that they cannot do much) which leads to stress. Recently, various sister concern banks of SBI were merged with SBI (SBS merged with SBI). Many employees of SBS who now work as employees of SBI feel that they are step children of SBI. There is lack of a feeling of belongingness and togetherness. They feel insecure and restricted in the new working environment. Few of the respondents felt stressful because of over-direction provided to them by their branch managers. They felt that their work is constantly watched and scrutinized more that necessary. They feel interfered and mistrusted. This is the cause of their stress. There exists a constant fear of punitive action among the employees of SBI. They are criticized severely for their mistakes. This makes them feel over cautious in performing any task and restricts their creativity and learning. Many branch managers feel that their branch members i.e., employees of his or her branch are not adequately trained to deal with customers. They feel that they require training of professional etiquettes, and for managing customers. Due to lack of patience and empathy shown by the employees to the customers, managers are required to interfere in small matters that at the end can result in havoc if not addressed properly. When managers spend more time in clearing these petty issues, they are unable to give required time to their actual work. Sometimes, this, also leads to work overlapping since managers are required to multi-task for sometimes

How To Lead A Revolution :: essays research papers

How to Lead a Successful Revolution Profile For a Successful Leader   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a lot of traits that a person must posses to become a successful leader. The examples I am about to present to you are just a hand full of the important traits. The first trait a group should look for in a revolutionary leader would have to be a strong military background, if you are going to war u must have a general of some capacity leading your forces into battle. The second most important trait that a strong leader must have is a good education, back then a good education was knowledge of literature and the ability to read. The ability to read would have given your leader a great advantage, your leader could have read a history book and he would have known what mistakes to avoid. The third most important trait is your leaders ability to command a large amount of people. If you have a leader who cannot control his own army than a defeat is inevitable. Also your leader must want to improve the well being and living conditions for all of his followers. And lastly he must be influential, he must posses the ability to sway the minds of skeptics who do not believe in him or the cause. Being influential has another benefit to it also, an influential person will leave behind people that will carry out your leaders plans in the untimely event of your leader being killed or exiled. A leader who seems to posses a great number of the qualities stated in the above paragraph is Toussaunt L’Ouverture. A self-educated former slave, who led a slave uprising in French-occupied Haiti. When the uprising began he was nearly 50 years old his intelligence of military skills soon earned him the position of leader. He learned about Napoleons struggles in Europe and he decided then was the time to act. In 1798 Toussaint had achieved his goals and he started on the rebuilding of a war-torn nation. He won support of French Planters by offering them generous terms, he tried to heal rifts between classes by opening a government to whites and mulattoes and also Africans, he set out to improve agriculture, expand trade and give Haiti a constitution. When he was exiled more Haitian leaders followed in his footsteps and in 1820 they were a free nation, the only non-slave nation in the Western Hemisphere at that time.

Network Operating System Essay

A Network Operating System is an operating system that includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a network. The term network operating system, however, is generally reserved for software that enhances a basic operating system by adding networking features. Network operating system implements protocol stacks as well as device drivers for networking hardware. This paper will identify the Domain Name Server (DNS), Web Server, Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS), and the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS). Domain Name Server (DNS)Domain Name Server, also known as DNS, is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. All addresses in the internet are bases on IP addresses. The job of the DNS is to translate the IP Addresses into domain names. DNS are very important but completely hidden from the internet. For example instead of typing 69.147.11.210 we can type www.yahoo.com and get the same result. The Domain Name Server (DNS) distributes the responsibility for assigning domain names and mapping them to IP networks by allowing an authoritative server for each domain to keep track of its own changes, avoiding the need for a central registrar to be continually consulted and updated. DNS is a database system that translates a fully qualified domain name into an IP address. If a DNS does not know how to translate a particular domain name it will asks another DNS until the correct IP address is returned. Web ServerA web server is a computer that delivers Web pages. Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name. For example, if you enter the URL http://www.yahoo.com in your browser, this sends a request to the server whose domain name is yahoo.com/mail.html. The server then fetches the page named mail.html and sends it to your browser. Any computer can be turned into a Web server by installing server software and connecting the machine to the Internet. There are many Web server software applications, including public domain software from NCSA and Apache, and commercial packages from Microsoft, Netscape and others. Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)WINS is a service run on Windows NT servers to provide Windows clients a way to find other Windows computers. WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service) resolves Windows network computer names (also known as NetBIOS names) to Internet IP addresses, allowing Windows computers on a network to easily find and communicate with each other. Using a WINS server is essential for any Windows client computer to work with other Windows computers over the Internet. In addition, using a WINS server is essential for any Windows client computer at Indiana University that intends to use Microsoft network resources. To use WINS services, you must insert into your TCP/IP networking configuration the IP address of the WINS servers you wish to use. Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS)One of Cisco’s strongest commitments in technology has been Internet Protocol (IP). Internet Protocol routing is the foundation for the internet. It is probably the most important technology in the past twenty years. Creating efficient use of network bandwidth by forwarding packets of data to the appropriate networks is what Internet Protocol routing is all about. The management team at Cisco is planning for the future with products like its Internetworking Operating System (IOS) software, which was created to provide the intelligence on the network, a basis for quality of service, and security on the internet. Services like Cisco’s IOS software help to drive the growth of the internet by creating new applications like real time trading, interactive support, and on demand media (Cisco Innovation & Technology News). Cisco IOS is a package of outing, switching, internetworking and telecommunications functions integrated with a multitasking operating system. Cisco IOS is the most common software used on most of Cisco routers and switches. Most Cisco products that run IOS also have one or more â€Å"feature sets† or â€Å"packages†, typically eight packages for Cisco routers and five packages for Cisco switches. One of the main characteristics of Cisco IOS is that it is command line interface (CLI). This style has been copied by other networking products. It provides a fixed set of multiple-word commands. The set of command available depends on the privilege level of each user. ConclusionNetwork Operating Systems are essential part for todayÂ’s network. This paper only covered some of these operating systems that are currently used and most of them are invisible to the regular user. Most users donÂ’t even know that they existed or how they work. References Webopedia retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DNS.htmSearchnetworking.com retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214124,00.htmlAbout.com retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://compnetworking.about.com/od/softwareapplicationstools/l/bldef_nos.htmIndiana University retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://kb.iu.edu/data/adeo.htmlCisco retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1818/products_tech_note09186a008015083e.shtml andhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1828/products_white_paper09186a008018305e.shtml#t14